Resuming excavation in 1961, archaeologists unearthed trenches sunk on the northern, eastern and western flanks of the mound, bringing to light the inlet channels and nullah ("ravine", or "gully") connecting the dock with the river. The nearest cities are Dholka and Bagodara. It is also connected by all-weather roads to the cities of Ahmedabad (85 km/53 mi), Bhavnagar, Rajkot and Dholka. It is six kilometres south-east of the Lothal- Bhurkhi railway station on the Ahmedabad- Bhavnagar railway line. Lothal is situated near the village of Saragwala in the Dholka Taluka of Ahmedabad district. The techniques and tools they pioneered for bead-making and in metallurgy have stood the test of time for over 4000 years. Lothal was a vital and thriving trade centre in ancient times, with its trade of beads, gems and valuable ornaments reaching the far corners of West Asia and Africa. The National Institute of Oceanography in Goa discovered foraminifera (marine microfossils) and salt, gypsum crystals in the rectangular structure clearly indicating that sea water once filled the structure and it was definitely a dockyard. However, this interpretation has been challenged by other archaeologists, who argue Khufu's Red Sea harbour at Wadi al-Jarf ( Egypt) is older, dating its construction to between 2580 to 2550 BCE and that Lothal was a comparatively small town, and that the "dock" was primarily an irrigation tank. This trade route stretched between Harappan cities in Sindh ( Pakistan) and the peninsula of Saurashtra where the surrounding Kutch desert of today was a part of the Arabian Sea. According to the ASI, arguably Lothal had the world's earliest known dock, which connected the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river on the trade route. Excavation work in Lothal commenced on 13 February 1955 and continued till. Īrchaeological Survey of India (ASI), the official Indian government agency for preservation of ancient monuments, discovered Lothal in 1954. Construction of the city is believed to have begun around 2200 BCE. Lothal ( IPA: ) was one of the southernmost sites of the ancient Indus Valley civilisation, located in the Bhal region of the Indian state of Gujarat.
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